Those who are bitten by female mosquitoes carrying the parasites that cause the potentially fatal disease malariaAnophelesmosquitoes.
The parasite Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is transmitted to people through the bites of female infected mosquitoes.AnophelesThere are 5 parasite species that cause human malaria, and 2 of these species – known as “malaria vectors” – are mosquitoes.P. falciparumandP. vivax– pose the greatest threat.
P. falciparum, which causes the majority of malaria-related deaths worldwide, is the most common malaria parasite on the African continent.
P. vivaxmost nations outside of sub-Saharan Africa, is the predominant malaria parasite.
The majority of malaria cases and deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is also risk in Asia, Latin America, and, to a lesser extent, the Middle East. In 2015, 95 countries and territories had ongoing malaria transmission, putting approximately 3.2 billion people – nearly half of the world’s population – at risk.
National malaria control programs must take special precautions to protect non-immune migrants, mobile populations, and travelers from malaria infection, taking into account their unique circumstances. Some population groups, such as infants, children under the age of 5, pregnant women, and patients with HIV/AIDS, as well as pregnant women and patients with severe disease, are at significantly higher risk of contracting malaria than others.
There were 438 000 deaths from malaria in 2015, according to the most recent WHO estimates, which were published in December 2015.
An estimated 6.2 million malaria deaths have been prevented globally since 2001, with malaria incidence among populations at risk declining by 37% between 2000 and 2015 and mortality rates among populations at risk declining by 60% during the same period.
In 2015, 90% of malaria deaths and 88% of malaria cases worldwide were concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa, which continues to bear an excessively high share of the burden.
Approximately 15 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, are responsible for 78% of malaria deaths and 80% of cases worldwide. Since 2000, these 15 countries’ decline in malaria incidence (32%) has lagged behind that of other nations worldwide (53%).
Children under the age of five are particularly vulnerable to infection, illness, and death in areas where malaria transmission is high; more than two thirds (70%) of all malaria deaths occur in this age group between 2000 and 2015, with an estimated 5.9 million child lives saved.
Symptoms
The first symptoms of malaria, including fever, headache, chills, and vomiting, may be mild and difficult to diagnose in an immune person and appear 7 days or more (typically 10-15 days) after the infective mosquito bite. If treated within 24 hours, malaria can become life-threatening if not treated.P. falciparumMalaria has the potential to worsen and become fatal.
Children with severe malaria frequently experience one or more of the symptoms listed below: severe anemia, respiratory distress related to metabolic acidosis, cerebral malaria; in adults, multi-organ involvement is also common; in malaria endemic areas, people may develop partial immunity, allowing asymptomatic infections to happen.
Transmission
Male mosquitoes typically bite people to spread malaria, butAnophelesmore than 400 distinct species of mosquitoes.AnophelesAll significant mosquito species that transmit the disease bite between dusk and dawn; approximately 30 of these species are major malaria vectors. The rate of transmission is influenced by the parasite, the vector, the host (humans), and the environment.
AnophelesFemale mosquitoes look for a blood meal to feed their eggs, which they lay in water and nurture until they develop into larvae and become adult mosquitoes.AnophelesEach species of mosquito has a unique aquatic habitat preference; for instance, some prefer shallow, small freshwater pools, like puddles and hoof prints, which are common in tropical regions during the rainy season.
Nearly 90% of the world’s malaria cases are in Africa, which is primarily due to the mosquito’s long lifespan and strong preference for biting humans over other animals, where transmission is more intense (so that the parasite has time to complete its development inside the mosquito).
Malaria epidemics can happen when climatic and other factors suddenly favor transmission in areas where people have little or no immunity to malaria. They can also happen when people with low immunity move into areas with high rates of transmission.
Human immunity is another important factor, especially among adults in areas of moderate or intense transmission conditions. Partial immunity is developed over years of exposure, and while it never provides complete protection, it does reduce the risk that an infection will cause severe disease, which is why the majority of malaria deaths in Africa occur in young children, whereas in areas with low immunity and low transmission, all age groups are at risk.
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES
CHINIUM SULPHURICUM 1x and NUX VOMICA 30-Chininum Sulphuricum is very effective where the chill occurs at 3 pm every day and the person experiences great shivering even in a warm room. -Nux Vomica is recommended as one of the most effective Homeopathic medicines for malaria in the cold stage, with blueness of fingernails. -Also, in cases where the person feels chilliness on being uncuffed, Chininum Sulphuricum is highly recommended.
BOLETUS 30 and EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM 30The most effective homoeopathic medications for malaria with excessive sweating are Boletus and Euparorium Perfoliatum. Boletus is prescribed in malaria cases with excessive sweating, especially at night, along with severe chills and fever. Eupatorium Perfoliatum is effective when all complaints, with the exception of headache, are relieved by perspiration.
CHIRATTA Q-an exact malaria treatment.
ARSENIC ALBUM 30 and CHINA 30Top homeopathic treatments for malaria include Arsenic Album and China. Arsenic Album is one of the best homeopathic treatments for malaria with high grade fever with marked periodicity. China is one of the best homeopathic treatments for malaria with high temperature that returns every week. The patient complains of great restlessness and high fever that gets worse after midnight.
GELSEMIUM 30-Another successful treatment for malaria is gelsemium, which is suitable for treating malarial conditions in young patients because it doesn’t cause any unusual hepatic, gastric, or intestinal disturbances. The patient typically wants to be held during a chill because it starts at the feet and runs up the back or up the legs, and it usually lasts for about a middle of the night.
NATRUM MURIATICUM 30 and PULSATILLA NIG. 30The best homeopathic medications for treating malaria with headache include Natrum Muriaticum and Pulsatilla. Natrum Muriaticum is recommended in cases of continued chilliness along with the headache, especially upon waking in the morning. Malaria cases with headache that persists from sunrise to sunset are also best treated with Natrum Muriaticum. Pulsatilla is one of the best homeopathic medicines in cases of chill with pains in certain spots, especially in the evening.
CHINA 30, ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS 30-, FERRUM PHOSPHORICUM 30– China, Alstonia, and Ferrum Phosphoricum. China acts well in all stages of malarial fever with great weakness; Alstonia is a great homeopathic tonic for debilitating and exhausting malarial fever; and China acts well in all stages of malarial fever with great exhaustion; debilitating night sweats with fever that returns every week. On the other hand, cases of chill occurring daily at 1 pm with marked prostration are treated well with Ferrum Phosphoricum
MALARIA OFFICINALIS 1000-When other well-chosen treatments are ineffective, the nosode malaria officinalis is prescribed because it completes the cure and relieves symptoms like aching pain that persists after the fever has subsided.
APIS MELLIFICA 30When a chill and sudden, violent vomiting are present, apis mellifica is usually prescribed. The fever usually appears in the evening, between 6 and 7 p.m. The chill starts in the chest and abdomen and is accompanied by a weighty feeling on the chest, as well as dry, hot skin. Burning and oppression of the chest are the most pronounced symptoms, and dyspnea is worrisome.
BRYONIA ALB. 30Bryonia is prescribed when there is stomach sickness, belching, bitter taste, and furrowed tongue; constipation or diarrhea may also be present; during the heat stage, there is yawning and stitches in the sides; before the chills, there is much heat or thirst; and during the cold stage, there are red cheeks.
FERRUM ARSENICUM 200When malaria is advanced and the liver and spleen are enlarged, ferrum ars should be administered.
Ipecac is frequently the remedy at the start of intermittents, suiting particularly sensitive young patients. The thirst is wanting or slight during the chill and the chill predominates; the heat is trivial and the sweat is usually lacking, or thinning.
RHUS TOXICODENDRCODENDRON 30Another effective treatment for malaria is rhus tox. Other symptoms include a triangular-tipped tongue, a dry hacking cough, burning in the forehead and eyes, and restlessness that is relieved by movement.
Prevention
The primary method for preventing and reducing the spread of malaria is vector control; if this method is implemented widely enough within a community, some level of protection will be provided to all members of the community.
The World Health Organization (WHO) advises the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying as two effective malaria vector control methods that can be used to protect all individuals at risk of contracting the disease.
Insecticide-treated mosquito nets
The most cost-effective way to achieve this is by providing LLINs free of charge, to ensure equal access for all; in addition, effective behavior change communication strategies are needed to ensure that all people at risk of malaria sleep under a LLIN. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the preferred form of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) for public health programs.
using residual insecticides to spray inside
The effectiveness of indoor residual spraying (IRS), which uses insecticides, depends on the insecticide formulation used and the type of surface on which it is sprayed; it is a potent way to quickly reduce malaria transmission. In some settings, multiple spray rounds are required to protect the population for the entire malaria season.
HOMOEOPATHIC PREVENTIVES
1.MALARIANA OFFICINALIS 1000– Dispense a dose four times, one every ten minutes.
2.NATRUM MURIATICUM 200-Give it twice daily for one week, morning and night, if Natrum Mura fails.
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